{"id":239879,"date":"2021-04-07T15:03:54","date_gmt":"2021-04-07T13:03:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/solferinoacademy.com\/2021\/04\/07\/beyrouth-apres-lexplosion-le-role-essentiel-de-la-technologie\/"},"modified":"2021-04-07T15:04:11","modified_gmt":"2021-04-07T13:04:11","slug":"beyrouth-apres-lexplosion-le-role-essentiel-de-la-technologie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/solferinoacademy.com\/fr\/beyrouth-apres-lexplosion-le-role-essentiel-de-la-technologie\/","title":{"rendered":"Beyrouth apr\u00e8s l\u2019explosion: le r\u00f4le essentiel de la technologie"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Cr\u00e9dits photo: Croix-Rouge Libanaise<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Au Liban, l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2020 a d\u00e9marr\u00e9 sur fond de r\u00e9volution continue, de crise \u00e9conomique, d\u2019effondrement politique et de pand\u00e9mie de Covid-19.<\/strong> La situation \u00e9conomique instable du pays et la hausse constante du nombre de cas de Covid-19 ont toutes deux constitu\u00e9 des facteurs importants aggravant l\u2019instabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re dont souffre la majorit\u00e9 de la population. C\u2019est dans ce contexte que, le 4 ao\u00fbt 2020, le Liban a \u00e9t\u00e9 frapp\u00e9 par une catastrophe inattendue qui l\u2019a profond\u00e9ment \u00e9branl\u00e9. Une quantit\u00e9 importante de nitrate d\u2019ammonium stock\u00e9e dans le port de Beyrouth a explos\u00e9, faisant plus de 200 morts et au moins 6 000 bless\u00e9s, et causant des dommages aux habitations de plus de 80 000 familles1<\/g><\/g><\/g>. \u00ab J\u2019\u00e9tais choqu\u00e9, je n\u2019arrivais \u00e0 joindre personne car tous les r\u00e9seaux t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques \u00e9taient satur\u00e9s \u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Atta Durrani, l\u2019ancien repr\u00e9sentant de la Croix-Rouge n\u00e9erlandaise au Liban qui se trouvait \u00e0 sa r\u00e9sidence de Beyrouth au moment de l\u2019explosion. <\/p>\n\n


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La r\u00e9ponse num\u00e9rique<\/h2>\n\n

La Croix-Rouge libanaise<\/a> a \u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019un des nombreux premiers intervenants sur le terrain ; toutefois, elle avait besoin d\u2019un soutien suppl\u00e9mentaire afin d\u2019\u00e9valuer rapidement et efficacement les d\u00e9g\u00e2ts occasionn\u00e9s, et d\u2019atteindre l\u2019ensemble des communaut\u00e9s n\u00e9cessitant une aide d\u2019urgence. \u00ab Personne n\u2019\u00e9tait pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 cette explosion \u00bb, a affirm\u00e9 Chahine Hamze, le responsable des technologies de l\u2019information et de la communication \u00e0 la Croix-Rouge libanaise, \u00ab nous n\u2019\u00e9tions \u00e9quip\u00e9s que pour r\u00e9aliser des \u00e9valuations des dommages sur le terrain \u00e0 petite \u00e9chelle \u00e0 l\u2019aide du Syst\u00e8me d\u2019information g\u00e9ographique \u00bb. L\u2019\u00e9quipe de l\u2019initiative \u00ab 510<\/g> \u00bb ax\u00e9e sur les donn\u00e9es num\u00e9riques de la Croix-Rouge n\u00e9erlandaise, qui avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 apport\u00e9 son soutien \u00e0 la Croix-Rouge libanaise dans le cadre de la recherche des cas de Covid-19, a rapidement contact\u00e9 Chahine Hamze le soir de l\u2019explosion. Il fallait que des interventions d\u2019urgence soient rapidement mises en place \u00e0 Beyrouth, \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que \u00ab les r\u00e9sultats les plus importants peuvent \u00eatre obtenus dans les premi\u00e8res 24 heures \u00bb, a soulign\u00e9 Stefania Giodini, la cheffe des op\u00e9rations men\u00e9es dans le cadre de l\u2019initiative 510. Cette initiative a permis d\u2019\u00e9tablir une carte des zones endommag\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019un outil automatique d\u2019\u00e9valuation des d\u00e9g\u00e2ts<\/g> utilisant l\u2019imagerie satellite, qui donne un aper\u00e7u des toits des b\u00e2timents endommag\u00e9s, ainsi que des images permettant de visualiser les rues. \u00ab Une image satellite avant et apr\u00e8s l\u2019explosion nous a \u00e9t\u00e9 envoy\u00e9e, ce qui nous a aid\u00e9s \u00e0 \u00e9valuer l\u2019ampleur des d\u00e9g\u00e2ts dans la zone \u00bb, a expliqu\u00e9 Chahine Hamze, \u00ab mais nous devions d\u00e9terminer les dommages \u00e0 partir de la quantit\u00e9 de d\u00e9bris \u00bb. L\u2019\u00e9quipe de l\u2019initiative 510, avec le soutien des volontaires bas\u00e9s au Liban et aux Pays-Bas, a pu analyser des images prises au moyen de t\u00e9l\u00e9phones dans les rues de la ville ravag\u00e9e, et avec l\u2019aide du service Mapillary<\/g>, a \u00e9t\u00e9 en mesure de fournir \u00e0 la Croix-Rouge libanaise une vision globale de la zone touch\u00e9e. Les volontaires se trouvant au Liban lui envoyaient les images pour que celles-ci soient ensuite observ\u00e9es, analys\u00e9es et annot\u00e9es en fonction du type de dommages (vitres cass\u00e9es, dommages structurels, etc.) par les volontaires du service technique de l\u2019initiative 510. \u00c0 propos de ces activit\u00e9s, Jacopo Margutti, un scientifique de l\u2019initiative 510 sp\u00e9cialiste des donn\u00e9es a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 : \u00ab nous sommes parvenus \u00e0 fournir l\u2019\u00e9valuation des dommages dans les 24 heures suivant sa demande, ce qui a permis \u00e0 la Croix-Rouge libanaise de se concentrer, pendant ce temps, sur la fourniture des secours d\u2019urgence \u00bb. <\/p>\n\n


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Le r\u00f4le des donn\u00e9es<\/h2>\n\n

La Croix-Rouge libanaise utilisait d\u00e9j\u00e0 des tableaux de bord analytiques et de visualisation dans le cadre de ses activit\u00e9s m\u00e9dico-sociales, de ses interventions de lutte contre le Covid-19 et de nombreuses autres initiatives d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es dans le pays. L\u2019\u00e9quipe de l\u2019initiative 510 est parvenue \u00e0 adapter ces plateformes de travail existantes afin d\u2019y consigner les divers types de donn\u00e9es recueillies sur l\u2019explosion \u00e0 Beyrouth. \u00ab L\u2019initiative 510 nous a aid\u00e9s \u00e0 analyser les donn\u00e9es que nous avions collect\u00e9es dans le cadre de notre \u00e9valuation des besoins et nous a permis de mettre rapidement en place des programmes d\u2019assistance de base en faveur des familles les plus vuln\u00e9rables parmi la population touch\u00e9e \u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Chahine Hamze. L\u2019utilisation des donn\u00e9es joue un r\u00f4le \u00e0 part enti\u00e8re dans la conception et la mise en \u0153uvre de programmes sur mesure qui r\u00e9pondent aux besoins identifi\u00e9s, bien qu\u2019il faille constamment les adapter et les am\u00e9liorer. La Croix-Rouge libanaise a fr\u00e9quemment consult\u00e9 les experts en responsabilit\u00e9 des donn\u00e9es de l\u2019initiative 510 sur les moyens de renforcer ses strat\u00e9gies de protection et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des donn\u00e9es, et a depuis \u00ab recours aux services d\u2019un consultant qui nous aidera \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer et \u00e0 appliquer nos r\u00e9glementations en la mati\u00e8re, en plus d\u2019accro\u00eetre les capacit\u00e9s du personnel \u00bb, a pr\u00e9cis\u00e9 Chahine Hamze, en \u00e9voquant le grand nombre de donn\u00e9es trait\u00e9es par la Croix-Rouge libanaise. Atta Durrani s\u2019est \u00e9galement exprim\u00e9 sur le sujet : \u00ab si la Croix-Rouge libanaise est efficace sur le plan des donn\u00e9es, elle le sera dans ses interventions et elle conservera sa cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9 \u00bb. <\/p>\n\n


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Quelles sont les prochaines \u00e9tapes ?<\/h2>\n\n

La Croix-Rouge libanaise poursuit ses efforts visant \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer ses capacit\u00e9s num\u00e9riques dans les domaines qui lui permettront de gagner en rapidit\u00e9 et en efficacit\u00e9 dans la mise en \u0153uvre de ses interventions dans le contexte actuel de la pand\u00e9mie de Covid-19, mais aussi dans l\u2019ensemble de ses futures op\u00e9rations. \u00ab Nous nous employons actuellement \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer nos op\u00e9rations en nous fondant sur les donn\u00e9es dont nous disposons, nous travaillons \u00e0 un d\u00e9ploiement plus rapide des ambulances, ce qui fera l\u2019objet d\u2019un projet en collaboration avec l\u2019initiative 510, et nous essayons de pr\u00e9voir les capacit\u00e9s n\u00e9cessaires et d\u2019anticiper les besoins \u00e0 partir de la salle des op\u00e9rations \u00bb, a r\u00e9pondu Chahine Hamze au sujet des activit\u00e9s \u00e0 venir. \u00ab La Croix-Rouge libanaise \u0153uvre sur tout le territoire et dans de multiples domaines \u00bb, affirme Atta Durrani \u00e0 propos des prochaines \u00e9tapes que devra entreprendre la Croix-Rouge libanaise, \u00ab elle a besoin d\u2019outils qui l\u2019aident \u00e0 se pr\u00e9parer \u00e0 des crises multiples, \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 qu\u2019elle est le principal intervenant dans les diverses crises qui se produisent au Liban \u00bb. Selon Atta Durrani, l\u2019\u00e9laboration d\u2019un plan de pr\u00e9paration plus inclusif, compte tenu des conflits historiques auxquels le Liban fait face, en plus des donn\u00e9es dont elle dispose sur les interventions et la r\u00e9habilitation, permettront \u00e0 la Croix-Rouge libanaise de progresser et \u00ab d\u2019intervenir en amont de toutes les crises, plut\u00f4t que d\u2019y r\u00e9agir \u00bb. Il a ensuite soulign\u00e9 une nouvelle fois le r\u00f4le essentiel jou\u00e9 par la Croix-Rouge libanaise sur le plan des donn\u00e9es en d\u00e9clarant que \u00ab les donn\u00e9es sont un axe cl\u00e9 qui peut lui permettre de gagner en souplesse \u00bb. Neuf mois apr\u00e8s l\u2019explosion, la Croix-Rouge libanaise a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 plus de 50 000 \u00e9valuations en porte-\u00e0-porte, est venue en aide \u00e0 plus de 200 000 personnes et poursuit la lutte contre la pand\u00e9mie de Covid-19, avec plus de 15 000 missions achev\u00e9es. \u00c0 ce jour, l\u2019initiative 510 continue de lui apporter son soutien dans le cadre de ses interventions de lutte contre le Covid-19 et travaille \u00e0 ses c\u00f4t\u00e9s en vue d\u2019\u00e9laborer de nouvelles solutions en mati\u00e8re de donn\u00e9es et de num\u00e9rique qui lui permettront d\u2019optimiser la mise en \u0153uvre de ses interventions pour que celles-ci soient plus efficaces \u00e0 court et \u00e0 long terme. <\/p>\n\n

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Notes de bas de page<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n

1<\/a><\/strong> – Donn\u00e9es extraites du site Web de la Croix-Rouge libanaise https:\/\/www.redcross.org.lb<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Au Liban, l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2020 a d\u00e9marr\u00e9 sur fond de r\u00e9volution continue, de crise \u00e9conomique, d\u2019effondrement politique et de pand\u00e9mie de Covid-19. La situation \u00e9conomique instable du pays et la hausse constante du nombre de cas de Covid-19 ont toutes deux constitu\u00e9 des facteurs importants aggravant l\u2019instabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re dont souffre la majorit\u00e9 de la population. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5028,"featured_media":239556,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"off","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[573],"tags":[619,649,646],"class_list":["post-239879","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-innovation-stories-fr","tag-data-fr","tag-lebanon-fr","tag-technology-fr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nBeyrouth apr\u00e8s l\u2019explosion: le r\u00f4le essentiel de la technologie — Solferino Academy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Au Liban, l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2020 a d\u00e9marr\u00e9 sur fond de r\u00e9volution continue, de crise \u00e9conomique, d\u2019effondrement politique et de pand\u00e9mie de Covid-19. 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